Optimal. Leaf size=653 \[ -\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}+\left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2^{2/3} \sqrt{3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2^{2/3} \sqrt{3} a \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}-\frac{d}{a x} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 1.17526, antiderivative size = 653, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 25, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.32, Rules used = {1504, 1510, 292, 31, 634, 617, 204, 628} \[ -\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}+\left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2^{2/3} \sqrt{3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2^{2/3} \sqrt{3} a \sqrt [3]{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}-\frac{d}{a x} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 1504
Rule 1510
Rule 292
Rule 31
Rule 634
Rule 617
Rule 204
Rule 628
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{d+e x^3}{x^2 \left (a+b x^3+c x^6\right )} \, dx &=-\frac{d}{a x}-\frac{\int \frac{x \left (b d-a e+c d x^3\right )}{a+b x^3+c x^6} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac{d}{a x}-\frac{\left (c \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{x}{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+c x^3} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac{\left (c \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{x}{\frac{b}{2}-\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+c x^3} \, dx}{2 a}\\ &=-\frac{d}{a x}+\frac{\left (c^{2/3} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+\sqrt [3]{c} x} \, dx}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\left (c^{2/3} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{\frac{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+\sqrt [3]{c} x}{\frac{\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+c^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\left (c^{2/3} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+\sqrt [3]{c} x} \, dx}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\left (c^{2/3} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{\frac{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+\sqrt [3]{c} x}{\frac{\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+c^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\\ &=-\frac{d}{a x}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\left (c^{2/3} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{1}{\frac{\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+c^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{4 a}-\frac{\left (\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+2 c^{2/3} x}{\frac{\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+c^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\left (c^{2/3} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{1}{\frac{\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+c^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{4 a}-\frac{\left (\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac{-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+2 c^{2/3} x}{\frac{\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}{2^{2/3}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x}{\sqrt [3]{2}}+c^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\\ &=-\frac{d}{a x}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\left (\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\left (\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\\ &=-\frac{d}{a x}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2^{2/3} \sqrt{3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{1-\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{2^{2/3} \sqrt{3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d+\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac{\sqrt [3]{c} \left (d-\frac{b d-2 a e}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} x+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6\ 2^{2/3} a \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [C] time = 0.0487376, size = 85, normalized size = 0.13 \[ -\frac{\text{RootSum}\left [\text{$\#$1}^3 b+\text{$\#$1}^6 c+a\& ,\frac{\text{$\#$1}^3 c d \log (x-\text{$\#$1})-a e \log (x-\text{$\#$1})+b d \log (x-\text{$\#$1})}{2 \text{$\#$1}^4 c+\text{$\#$1} b}\& \right ]}{3 a}-\frac{d}{a x} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] time = 0.006, size = 70, normalized size = 0.1 \begin{align*} -{\frac{d}{ax}}-{\frac{1}{3\,a}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ({{\it \_Z}}^{6}c+{{\it \_Z}}^{3}b+a \right ) }{\frac{ \left ( cd{{\it \_R}}^{4}+ \left ( -ae+bd \right ){\it \_R} \right ) \ln \left ( x-{\it \_R} \right ) }{2\,{{\it \_R}}^{5}c+{{\it \_R}}^{2}b}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F(-1)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Timed out} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Timed out} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F(-1)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Timed out} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F(-2)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: TypeError} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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